Citizen Participation Practice in Thailand Environmental Policy
Prukkanone Kittisak,
Wang Guohua
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, March 2016
Pages:
24-33
Received:
24 January 2016
Accepted:
1 February 2016
Published:
2 March 2016
Abstract: Environmental Policy is a major mechanism for the government to drive the public administration on environmental management. In Thailand, some citizens were significantly affected from the inadequacy of Public Participation in Environmental Policy and leaded to widespread conflicts about their interests in society. Although the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand B. E. 2550 (2007) attempted to broadly open the opportunities on Public Participation in the environmental management but the interest conflicts were still existed. This article studied on Thailand Environmental Policy, especially examined the Citizen Participation Practice in the Environmental Policy Formulation which would contributed the further development in public administration aspect. The current national environmental policy, the Environmental Quality Management Plan B. E. 2555-2559 (2012-2016), was selected as the case study and analyzed to examine Citizen Participation Practice under the policymaking context by the principle of citizen participation “Perceptions of Stakeholders and Planners: the ladder of citizen participation” and the concept of environmental policymaking in government. Related documents and researches, environmental laws and regulations, and policies were reviewed, analyzed and synthesized for appropriately conducting in the study. The results were found that Thailand had an appropriate framework on citizen participation in the Environmental Policymaking Process regarding the provisions of constitution but it was limited by the provisions of older laws and policies which were enacted before the 2007 Constitution was promulgated. All of Citizen Participation Practices were located in the category of Tokenism, where the citizens became involved but only to certain extent. This is not meaningful in term of citizen control which should be appropriately conducted in the democracy society. Thailand did not have Citizen Participation Practices in the category of Nonparticipation and the current national environmental policy open an opportunity for amendment on Environmental Legislation. These findings were benefit to the better development of Citizen Participation Practice in Thailand Environmental Policy, which would be opened the participatory opportunity on the interest conflict resolution in the future.
Abstract: Environmental Policy is a major mechanism for the government to drive the public administration on environmental management. In Thailand, some citizens were significantly affected from the inadequacy of Public Participation in Environmental Policy and leaded to widespread conflicts about their interests in society. Although the Constitution of the ...
Show More
Policy Intervention to Reduce Energy Consumption and Mitigate Environmental Emission in Cement Industries of Nepal
Pradeep Singh,
Shree Raj Shakya
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, March 2016
Pages:
34-43
Received:
22 November 2015
Accepted:
21 December 2015
Published:
9 March 2016
Abstract: Nepal is a developing country with huge potential of investment in agriculture, cement and hydropower sector. Industrial development in Nepal is at a pre-mature state and requires lot of technical and financial investment. Cement industry is one of the potential industries to grow in the future, mainly because of the reserved limestone and increasing developmental activities. This study analyzed the energy and environmental implications of implementing best available technologies in cement industries of Nepal by using Long-rand Energy Alternatives Planning system (LEAP) framework. Production capacity of cement in 2014 is estimated to be 2.46 million MT which is expected reach 25.41 million MT by 2030. The final energy demand for the base year, 2014 is 5.4 PJ. It would increase to 13.69 PJ, 16.91 PJ and 25.67 PJ in 2030, under normal (BAU), medium growth (MG) and high growth (HG) scenarios respectively. Compared to the BAU scenario, the cumulative energy demand would increase by 21.46% for MG scenario and 78.00% for HG scenario during 2014 to 2030. The CO2 emission for the base year 2014 is estimated to be 365.40 thousand MT. It would increase to 1,540.70 thousand MT, 2,292.90 thousand MT and 4105.60 thousand MT in 2030, under BAU, MG and HG, respectively. Compared to the BAU scenario the cumulative CO2 emission would grow as high as 78.06% under HG scenario. This indicates the need for introducing the energy efficient and low carbon technologies to address the issues related to energy supply security and environmental degradation. This study also analyzed the three policy intervention scenarios consisting of introduction of efficient technology (EFF) scenario, CO2 emission mitigation (MIT) scenario and waste heat recovery for power generation (WHRPG) scenario. Under EFF scenario, the cumulative energy consumption would decrease by 11.67% during 2014 to 2030 as compared to the BAU scenario. Likewise, CO2 emission would decrease by 33.64% under MIT scenario as compared to the BAU. Under WHRPG scenario, there would be cumulative electricity generation of 1,446.31 GWh worth NRs. 9.11 billion as compared to the BAU scenario during the study period. This study also indicates the need of formulating appropriate energy efficiency and climate change related policies of the country.
Abstract: Nepal is a developing country with huge potential of investment in agriculture, cement and hydropower sector. Industrial development in Nepal is at a pre-mature state and requires lot of technical and financial investment. Cement industry is one of the potential industries to grow in the future, mainly because of the reserved limestone and increasi...
Show More
